Poland and Baltic States Consider Withdrawing from Ottawa Treaty in Response to Russian Threats
In a significant response to escalating military threats from Russia, the defence ministers of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland have unanimously recommended withdrawing from the 1997 Ottawa Treaty, which bans antipersonnel mines. The decision stems from the increasing instability in the region following Russia's invasion of Ukraine, which has turned the war-torn nation into a mine-laden territory.
The joint statement released by the defence ministers on Tuesday highlights a growing concern regarding the security of NATO member states bordering Russia and Belarus. "We believe that in the current security environment it is paramount to provide our defence forces flexibility and freedom of choice to potentially use new weapons systems and solutions to bolster the defence of the alliance's vulnerable eastern flank," the statement read.
Despite the intention to withdraw from the treaty, these countries pledge to uphold humanitarian laws, emphasizing their commitment to protecting civilians during armed conflicts. This commitment remains crucial, especially as the specter of landmines continues to pose a significant threat.
The four nations have all announced plans to increase their defence spending, notably in response to the growing threat posed by Russia. Estonia, Lithuania, and Poland have committed to allocating 5% of their GDP to defence, which aligns with a goal previously advocated by US President Donald Trump. In contrast, the current spending target for NATO members stands at 2%.
During discussions, Estonian Defence Minister Hanno Pevkur remarked that his country currently sees no necessity to adopt previously banned landmines. He emphasized the importance of making decisions regarding the Ottawa Convention in solidarity among the region's nations, while reaffirming that there are no plans to stockpile or use banned antipersonnel landmines.
Lithuanian Defence Minister Dovile Sakaliene reinforced that this recommended withdrawal is a clear message about the determination to protect regional borders. "The states having a border with Russia are ready to take all possible measures to ensure the safety of their citizens," Sakaliene stated via a Facebook post.
Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk has also voiced his support for withdrawing from the Ottawa Convention, with potential discussions on also exiting the 2008 Dublin Convention, which prohibits the use of cluster munitions.
Finland, which did not participate in the joint statement, has indicated its consideration of withdrawing from the treaty, fueled by concerns regarding Russia's use of antipersonnel mines in Ukraine.
The United States remains the only NATO member not to be a signatory of the Ottawa Convention, joined by other major nations including China, India, Pakistan, and South Korea. According to NATO, around 70 countries and territories are still affected by the presence of approximately 110 million landmines. These landmines can lay dormant for years, posing a significant risk for civilians. Data from the NGO Landmine Monitor indicates that at least 5,757 individuals, primarily civilians, were killed or injured by landmines and unexploded ordnance in 2023.
As tensions continue to rise in Eastern Europe, these developments underscore the urgent need for nations to adapt their military strategies in the face of persistent threats, while also grappling with the humanitarian challenges posed by landmines.
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