Sweden Bolsters Defense Amid Rising Hybrid Threats from Russia and Beyond
Sweden is taking significant steps to enhance its national security in response to increasing hybrid threats, particularly from Russia, as well as other nations like China and Iran. Defense Minister Pål Jonson highlighted that these threats encompass espionage, sabotage, and cyberattacks, emphasizing the need for improved capabilities to counter such risks.
According to recent annual reports from the Security Police and the Military Security and Intelligence Service, the situation surrounding hybrid threats has worsened, prompting the government to allocate a historic total of 138 billion kronor for defense in the upcoming budget, equating to approximately 24 percent of Sweden's GDP. This allocation exceeds the NATO requirement for member states to spend at least 2 percent of their GDP on defense, with Sweden being among those that have significantly ramped up defense investments over the last two years.
In a bid to strengthen its intelligence capabilities, the government has earmarked an additional 100 million kronor for the Defense Radio Institute (FRA), which plays a critical role in signals intelligence. This expansion is designed to enhance FRA's operations amid a growing demand for its services, which have become pivotal in understanding and mitigating various forms of hybrid threats.
The government is also looking into foreign influence through strategic corporate acquisitions, reinforcing the role of the Inspectorate for Strategic Products (ISP) to review and block such investments when necessary. Collaborating with researchers from the Total Defense Research Institute (FOI) will further bolster these efforts.
Next year, Sweden's army is set to receive updated military assets, including the air defense system Robot 70 and newly refurbished naval vessels, while the air force will incorporate the advanced Gripen E combat aircraft into its fleet. Additionally, the defense will procure new heavy weaponry, replacing equipment that has been donated to support Ukraine in its conflict with Russia.
As a NATO member, Sweden must also meet the alliance's capability targets, due for completion by October 2025. Pål Jonson assures that the proposed measures to fulfill these targets are on the right path, indicating upcoming parliamentary discussions aimed at reaffirming Sweden's commitment to NATO standards.
Looking ahead, defense spending is expected to rise further, potentially reaching 26 percent of GDP by 2028. This trajectory largely depends on the geopolitical climate, particularly the consequences of Russia’s aggressive actions in Ukraine. Jonson warns that if Russia succeeds in Ukraine, it would significantly escalate security threats across Europe. Hence, Sweden's proactive stance on defense is not just a precaution but a necessary response to a rapidly evolving and unpredictable global landscape.
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